See parts 1-3 also for earlier works.
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This is part 4 of a 21-part post on American Folk Art:
This post looks at Frakturs (see description below) and the work of scrivenors and decorators.
Fraktur is both a style
of lettering and a highly artistic and elaborate illuminated
folk art created by the Pennsylvanian German. Most Fraktur
were created between 1740 and 1860.
Fraktur drawings were executed in ink and/or watercolors and are
found in a wide variety of forms: the Vorschriften (writing samples), the Taufscheine (birth and baptismal certificates),
marriage and house blessings, book plates, and floral and figurative scenes.
The earlier Fraktur were executed entirely by hand, while printed text became
increasingly common in later examples. Common artistic motifs in Fraktur
include birds, hearts, and tulips, as well as black-letter and italic
calligraphy,
Today, many major American museums, including the American Folk
Art Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art
and the Philadelphia
Museum of Art have Fraktur in their collection.
Important Fraktur have been sold by major American auction houses and antique
dealers for prices in excess of $100,000.
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| 1760c Ephrata Frakture ink and watercolour on paper |
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| 1770-1800c Fraktur by Johann Heinrich Otto (c1733-c1800) watercolour, pen and ink and graphite on paper 33.5 x 42.1 cm Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City |
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| 1775c Adam and Eve attributed to the Sussel-Washington Artist |
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| 1776c Baptismal Certificate for Maria Gertraud by the Sussel-Washington Artist watercolour and ink on paper 16.3 x 20.6 cm |
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| 1776c Two Soldiers attributed to the Sussel-Washington Artist |
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| 1780c Fraktur attributed to Johann Heinrich Otto watercolour and pen and ink on paper 21 x 33.3 cm Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City |
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| 1780c By the Sussel-Washington Artist watercolour and ink on paper 19.7 x 15.9 cm |
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| 1782 Birth and Baptismal Certificate by Johann Heinrich Otto (c1733-c1800) ink and watercolour on paper 32.1 x 40 cm Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City |
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| 1785 Religious Poem, Bucks County, PA |
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| 1788 Birth and Baptismal Certificate by Johan Zug ink and watercolour on paper 30.5 x 39.4 cm Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City |
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| 1795 Birth and Baptismal Certificate, Dauphin County, PA watercolour and ink on paper 31.1 x 37.5 cm |
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| 1795-1805c Small Fraktur of Man and Woman, attributed to Friedrich Krebs (1749-1815), probably Berks County, Pennsylvania 10.2 x 15.2 cm |
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| 1795c Christian Mertel, Berks County, PA |
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| 1797c Durs Rudy, Lehigh County, PA |
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| 1798 Birth and Baptismal Certificate for Anna Maria Oberle attributed to Johannes Ernst Spangenberg (c1755-1814) |
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| 1800 Drawing of the Crucifixion watercolour, gum arabic and ink on paper 34.3 x 26.7 cm Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City |
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| 1800 Love Token watercolour on paper 33 cm diameter Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City |
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| 1800c Durs Rudy, Lehigh County, PA "Adam and Eve" |
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| 1801 George Geistweite, Centre County, PA |
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| 1801c Birth and Baptismal Certificate attributed to Georg Friederich Speyer (active 1774-1801c) Berks County, PA letterpress hand-coloured in ink and watercolour 33.7 x 40.6 cm Philadelphia Museum of Art, PA |
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| 1803 "E.M.M" Bucks County, PA |
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| 1806 Flyleaf ink on paper 30.8 x 26.2 cm Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City |
Samuel Bentz (1792-1850) Lancaster Pennsylvania:
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| 1807 (attributed to) Birth Certificate for Johannes Giwler 5 January 1807 watercolour and ink on paper 24.1 x 19.1 cm |
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| 1811c (attributed to) Birth Record for Lydia Glasz |
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| 1828 Bookplate for Elisabeth Niszly 20 February 1828 |
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| 1830c (attributed to) Presentation Drawing inscribed to Evans Steiner |
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| 1835 Birth Certificate for Catherine Styre 18 August 1835 ink and watercolour |
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| 1838 Birth Certificate for John Rayer watercolour on paper 23.8 x 18.4 cm |
* * * * *
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| 1809c Birth Certificate Fraktur by Reverend Henry Young (1791-92-1861), Centre County, Pennsylvania watercolour and ink on paper 24.8 x 19.7 cm |
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| 1809c by Martin Brechall (1783-1830) Fraktur Birth-Baptismal Certificate watercolour and ink on paper 33 x 19.4 cm |
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| 1810c Presentation Fraktur, probably Lehigh County, PA |
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| 1810c Susanna Hübner (1750-1818) Letter "H" watercolour and ink on paper |
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| 1813 House Blessing printed by Samuel Baumann (1788-1820) relief print and letterpress with watercolour hand-colouring 31.8 x 39.4 cm Philadelphia Museum of Art, PA |
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| 1815 (Unknown artist) Montgomery County, PA ink and watercolour on paper 9.1 x 7.6 cm Philadelphia Museum of Art, PA |
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| 1820 Daniel Otto (1770-1822c) Birth and Baptismal Certificate for Katterina Dinges |
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| 1820 Johannes Setzer, Bucks County, PA |
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| 1821 Jacob Leith Presentation Fraktur |
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| 1822 Birth and Baptismal Certificate ink and watercolour on paper 31.4 x 39.7 cm Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City |
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| 1822 Charles E. Munch Birth Certificate |
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| 1830 "S.K. - H.K." Bucks County, PA |
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| 1830 Durs Rudy "The Prodigal Son" |
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| 1830c Johannes Bard, York County, PA "Hunting Scene" |
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| 1830c Pennsylvania Fraktur inscribed "Ubraham Weiny" ink and gouache on paper 29.2 x 39.4 cm |
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| 1834 Samuel Gottschall, Montgomery County, PA |
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| 1834 Samuel Gottschall, Montgomery County, PA |
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| 1834 Samuel Gottschall, Montgomery County, PA |
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| 1834-35c (attributed to) Samuel Gottschall (1808-1898) Adam and Eve watercolour and ink on paper 20.3 x 31.8 cm |
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| 1835 (Unknown) Fraktur |
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| 1840-55 Birth and Baptismal Certificate by Francis Portzline (1771-1857) watercolour wash, gum and ink on paper 32.5 x 39.5 cm Philadelphia Museum of Art, PA |
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| 1840-55 Birth and Baptismal Certificate by Francis Portzline (1771-1857) ink with gum on paper 37.5 x 28.6 cm Philadephia Museum of Art, PA |
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| 1840c Pennsylvania School, Officer on Horseback watercolour on paper 12.7 x 14 cm |
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| 1840c Sarah Kriebel "Swenkfelder Building, PA" |
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| 1843 Religious Text attributed to Maris Kriebel (1826-) Montgomery County, PA graphite, ink and watercolour on paper 31.8 x 34.5 cm Philadelphia Museum of Art, PA |
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| 1850c Henry Young, Centre County, PA |
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| 1851 Francis Portzline, Union County, PA |
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| 1854 "Valentine" Fraktur dated 22 May 1754 |
Two identical printed certificates hand-decorated differently:
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| 1857 Birth and baptismal certificate for Amanda Cressman (b. December 12, 1857) Printed by Blumer und Leisenring, Allentown, PA Decoration and infill by Martin Wetzler relief print and letterpress with watercolour, pen and ink by hand 41.9 x 34.3 cm |
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| 1859 Birth and baptismal certificate for Mente Agnes Elisabeth Trump (b. June 15, 1859) Printed by Blumer und Leisenring, Allentown, PA relief print and letterpress with watercolur, pan and ink by hand 42.7 x 35.6 cm Philadelphia Museum of Art. PA |
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| n.d. "M.R." Montgomery County, PA |
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| n.d. Fraktur |
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| n.d. Fraktur |
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